アメリカ英語や英国やニュージ英語 - 色々な英語があります。言葉も違うけど一番大きな違いはやぱり発音ですね。
それで母音の違いを分かりば色んな英語の鉛も分かる.
英語の発音と綴りの間の関係は、他のヨーロッパの言語と比べると一貫性に乏しい。これは主に中英語時代である15世紀初頭に始まり、近代英語初期である17世紀初頭に終わった大母音推移という現象にも関わらず、印刷技術が普及していたために綴りが固定化して基本的に変更が加えられなかったことに起因する。それ以前はnameはナーメと、 timeはティーメと綴り通り発音されていた（というよりも発音どおりに綴られていた）が、ネイムやタイムという発音に変化したにも関わらず、neimや taimなどと綴りが変更されることはなかったため、現在まで英語学習者を悩ませている綴りと発音の不一致が起きている。以下に発音規則を示すが、例外も多い。このことは、英語が他のヨーロッパ系言語から単語を借用する際に、多量の単語を元のつづりとあまり変えずに借用したことに起因する。
Notes:
It is the vowels that differ most from region to region.
Where symbols appear in pairs, the first corresponds to American English, General American accent; the second corresponds to British English, Received Pronunciation.
- American English lacks this sound; words with this sound are pronounced with /ɑ/ or /ɔ/. See Lot-cloth split.
- Some dialects of North American English do not have this vowel. See Cot-caught merger.
- The North American variation of this sound is a rhotic vowel.
- Many speakers of North American English do not distinguish between these two unstressed vowels. For them, roses and Rosa’s are pronounced the same, and the symbol usually used is schwa /ə/.
- This sound is often transcribed with /i/ or with /ɪ/.
- The diphthongs /eɪ/ and /oʊ/ are monophthongal for many General American speakers, as /eː/ and /oː/.
- The letter <U> can represent either /u/ or the iotated vowel /ju/. In BRP, if this iotated vowel /ju/ occurs after /t/, /d/, /s/ or /z/, it often triggers palatalization of the preceding consonant, turning it to /ʨ/, /ʥ/, /ɕ/ and /ʑ/ respectively, as in tune, during, sugar, and azure. In American English, palatalization does not generally happen unless the /ju/ is followed by r, with the result that /(t, d,s, z)jur/ turn to /tʃɚ/, /dʒɚ/, /ʃɚ/ and /ʒɚ/ respectively, as in nature, verdure, sure, and treasure.
- Vowel length plays a phonetic role in the majority of English dialects, and is said to be phonemic in a few dialects, such as Australian English and New Zealand English. In certain dialects of the modern English language, for instance General American, there is allophonic vowel length: vowel phonemes are realized as long vowel allophones before voiced consonant phonemes in the coda of a syllable. Before the Great Vowel Shift, vowel length was phonemically contrastive.
- This sound only occurs in non-rhotic accents. In some accents, this sound may be, instead of /ʊə/, /ɔ:/. See English-language vowel changes before historic r.
- This sound only occurs in non-rhotic accents. In some accents, the schwa offglide of /ɛə/ may be dropped, monophthising and lengthening the sound to /ɛ:/.
Used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. From the Japanese and English wikipedia articles covering language.